Al-‘Ilal Al-Saghīr: Karya ‘Ilal Atau Usul Al-Ḥadith? Kajian Perbandingan Dengan Muqaddimah Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim
Al-‘Ilal al-Saghīr: A Work of ‘Ilal or Usūl al-Ḥadīth? A Comparative Study with Muqaddimah Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim
Keywords:
ilal al-hadīth, al-Tirmizī, uşūl al-hadīth, Muqaddimah Sahīh MuslimAbstract
The science of uṣūl al-ḥadīth is a fundamental discipline in hadith studies that establishes the principles and methodologies for understanding and evaluating hadith. One of the works traditionally associated with this field is al-‘Ilal al-Ṣaghīr by al-Tirmidhi, which has often been categorized as a work in ‘ilal al-ḥadīth. However, its structure and methodological approach raise questions about whether it should be more accurately classified as a work of uṣūl al-ḥadīth rather than ‘ilal al-ḥadīth. This study reassesses the classification of al-‘Ilal al-Ṣaghīr through a comparative analysis with Muqaddimah Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim by Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj, a recognized cornerstone of uṣūl al-ḥadīth. Using a qualitative methodology, this research employs document analysis and content analysis to examine the structure, themes, and methodologies of both works. The findings indicate that al-‘Ilal al-Ṣaghīr does not focus primarily on ‘ilal al-ḥadīth but rather encompasses broader discussions on muṣṭalaḥ al-ḥadīth, al-jarḥ wa al-ta‘dīl, and general principles of hadith authentication. In contrast, Muqaddimah Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim systematically elaborates on foundational uṣūl al-ḥadīth, with a clear emphasis on the criteria for accepting and rejecting hadith. Neither work delves deeply into ‘ilal al-ḥadīth, as Muslim’s dedicated work, al-Tamyīz, serves that function. The study concludes that al-‘Ilal al-Ṣaghīr aligns more closely with uṣūl al-ḥadīth rather than ‘ilal al-ḥadīth. This reclassification refines the understanding of its academic positioning and contributes to a more accurate classification within hadith studies. The study also suggests further research on the pedagogical implications of teaching al-‘Ilal al-Ṣaghīr, as instructional approaches may influence its perceived classification. Additionally, future comparisons with other uṣūl al-ḥadīth works, such as Risālah ilā Ahl Makkah by Abū Dāwud, could provide further insights into the evolution of hadith methodology
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